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OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY/ANATOMY/DISEASE

• Vessel layer/stroma of the choroid has two layers
• HaLler’s layer = outer, Larger vessels
• Sattler’s layer = inner, Smaller vessels
• An easy way to remember where the optic nerve head is
• Nerve head is in Nasal retina (therefore the blind spot is in temporal visual space)
• How to remember the levator’s innervation
• Imagine the levator being held up by three columns (CN III)
• Innervation of the extraocular muscles (EOMs)
• Lateral Rectus innervated by CN VI, Superior Oblique by CN IV, all other EOMS = CN III
• Mnemonic = “LR6 SO4, all others CN III”
• The eight orbital branches of the ophthalmic artery = “PSALMS MD”
• Posterior ethmoidal
• Supraorbital
• Anterior ethmoidal
• Lacrimal
• Muscular branches
• Supratrochlear
• Medial palpebral
• Dorsal nasal
• What feeds the superior ophthalmic vein = “APL MASC”
• Anterior ethmoidal
• Posterior ethmoidal
• Lacrimal
• Muscular branches
• Anterior ciliary veins
• Superior vortex (lateral & medial)
• Central retinal vein
• Three branches of the ophthalmic nerve = “NFL”
• Nasociliary
• Frontal
• Lacrimal
• How to remember the function of the Gland of Moll
• Functions as a sweat gland – mnemonic = “Sweaty Molly”
• Glands of the conjunctiva = Little Kittens Walking Go to My Home
• Serous:
• Lacrimal
• Krause
• Wolfring
• Mucin:
• Goblet
• Manz
• Henle (crypts of)
• A simplified figure of how the nasal retinal fibers decussate
• Simply memorize and be able to reproduce this drawing:
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• How to remember the difference between the Parvocellular and Magnocellular pathways of the LGN
• Think Parvocellular as “Puny” therefore tiny, which implies very fine (“tiny”) detail; also involves contrast sensitivity, spatial resolution, color vision, detection of low temporal, and high spatial frequencies (hence fine detail)
• Remember, the Magnocellular involves high temporal and low spatial frequencies
• How to remember that Asians have narrow angles
• Think of narrow fissures (“narrow eyes”) therefore narrow angles [note that this is not necessarily a correlation, but a way to memorize this]
• Retinal layers = “RPE o-NP i-NP GNI”
• Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)
• Photoreceptor layer
• External Limiting Membrane
• outer Nuclear Layer
• outer Plexiform Layer
• inner Nuclear Layer
• inner Plexiform Layer
• Ganglion Cell Layer
• Nerve Fiber Layer (NFL)
• Inner Limiting Membrane
• How to remember what a sudoriferous cyst looks like
• “Sudoriferous” sounds like “suds” i.e. bubble suds, and they actually do look like bubbles and have a translucent appearance
• How to remember Hudson-Stahli line’s deposit
• “Stalin ruled with an Iron fist” – Hudson-Stahli involves iron deposits in the cornea
• Episcleritis involves the 70/30 rule
• 70% simple, female, unilateral, idiopathic
• 30% nodular, male, bilateral, systemic
• How to know what is infected in Dacryoadenitis vs. Dacryocystitis
• Dacryadenitis involves an infected lacrimal gland
• Dacrycystitis has the “s” sound in “cys” and therefore you can associate it as an infected lacrimal sac